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The view shows only parameters that were explicitly set. <p> NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS shows the current NLS parameters of the database, including the database character set. <p> V$NLS_VALID_VALUES can be used to see which language, territory, linguistic and character set definitions are supported by the server. <p> <B>OCI Functions</B><p> User applications can query client NLS settings with the OCINlsGetInfo function. <p> <H5>Language and Territory Parameters</H5> NLS_LANGUAGE and NLS_TERRITORY parameters are general NLS parameters that describe NLS behavior of locale-dependent operations. <p> <B>NLS_LANGUAGE</B> Parameter type: String <br> Parameter scope: Initialization Parameter and ALTER SESSION <BR> Default value: Derived from NLS_LANG <BR> Range of values: Any valid language name<P> NLS_LANGUAGE specifies the default conventions for the following session characteristics: <p> <UL> <LI>Language for server messages <LI>Language for day and month names and their abbreviations (specified in the SQL functions TO_CHAR and TO_DATE) <LI>Symbols for equivalents of AM, PM, AD, and BC. (A.M., P.M., A.D., and B.C. are only valid if NLS_LANGUAGE is set to AMERICAN.) <LI>Default sorting sequence for character data when ORDER BY is specified. (GROUP BY uses a binary sort, unless ORDER BY is specified.) <LI>Writing direction <LI>Affirmative and negative response strings </UL> The value specified for NLS_LANGUAGE in the initialization parameter file is the default for all sessions in that instance. For example, to specify the default session language as French, the parameter should be set as follows: <p> NLS_LANGUAGE = FRENCH<p> In this case, the server message <p> ORA-00942: table or view does not exist<p> will appear as <p> ORA-00942: table ou vue inexistante<p> Messages used by the server are stored in binary-format files that are placed in the $ORACLE_HOME/product_name/mesg directory, or the equivalent. Multiple versions of these files can exist, one for each supported language, using the filename convention:<p> <product_id><language_abbrev>.MSB<p> For example, the file containing the server messages in French is called ORAF.MSB, with F being the language abbreviation for French.<p> Messages are stored in these files in one specific character set, depending on the language and operating system. If this is different from the database character set, message text is automatically converted to the database character set. If necessary, it will be further converted to the client character set if it is different from the database character set. Hence, messages will be displayed correctly at the user's terminal, subject to the limitations of character set conversion. <p> The default value of NLS_LANGUAGE may be operating system specific. You can alter the NLS_LANGUAGE parameter by changing the value in the initialization parameter file and then restarting the instance. <p> For more information on the default value, see your operating system-specific <B>Oracle</B> documentation. <p> The following examples show behavior before and after setting NLS_LANGUAGE.<p> <pre><font face="tahoma" size="2"> ALTER SESSION SET NLS_LANGUAGE=Italian; SELECT ename, hiredate, ROUND(sal/12,2) sal FROM emp; ENAME HIREDATE SAL ----- -------- --- Clark 09-Dic-88 4195.83 Miller 23-Mar-87 4366.67 Strauß 01-Apr-95 3795.87 </font></pre> <pre><font face="tahoma" size="2"> SQL> ALTER SESSION SET NLS_LANGUAGE=German; SQL> SELECT ename, hiredate, ROUND(sal/12,2) sal FROM emp; ENAME HIREDATE SAL ----- -------- --- Clark 09-DEZ-88 4195.83 Miller 23-MÄR-87 4366.67 Strauß 01-APR-95 3795.87 </font></pre> <B>NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS</B><p> Parameter type: String <BR> Parameter scope: Dynamic, Initialization Parameter, ALTER SESSION, and ALTER SYSTEM <BR> Default value: BYTE <BR> Range of values: BYTE | CHAR <p> NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS enables you to create CHAR, VARCHAR2, and LONG columns using either byte or character length semantics. NCHAR, NVARCHAR2, CLOB, and NCLOB columns are always character-based. Existing columns are not affected. <p> You may be required to use byte semantics in order to maintain compatibility with existing applications. <p> NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS does not apply to tables in SYS and SYSTEM. The data dictionary will always use byte semantics. <p> <B>NLS_TERRITORY</B><p> Parameter type: String <BR> Parameter scope: Initialization Parameter and ALTER SESSION <BR> Default value: Derived from NLS_LANG <BR> Range of values: Any valid territory name <p> NLS_TERRITORY specifies the conventions for the following default date and numeric formatting characteristics:<p> <UL> <LI>Date format <LI>Decimal character and group separator <LI>Local currency symbol <LI>ISO currency symbol <LI>Dual currency symbol <LI>Week start day <LI>Credit and debit symbol <LI>ISO week flag <LI>List separator </UL> The value specified for NLS_TERRITORY in the initialization parameter file is the default for the instance. For example, to specify the default as France, the parameter should be set as follows: <p> NLS_TERRITORY = FRANCE<p> In this case, numbers would be formatted using a comma as the decimal character. <p> You can alter the NLS_TERRITORY parameter by changing the value in the initialization parameter file and then restarting the instance. The default value of NLS_TERRITORY can be operating system specific. <p> If NLS_LANG is specified in the client environment, the value in the initialization parameter file is overridden at connection time. <p> The territory can be modified dynamically during the session by specifying the new NLS_TERRITORY value in an ALTER SESSION statement. Modification of NLS_TERRITORY resets all derived NLS session parameters to default values for the new territory. <p> To change the territory dynamically to France, issue the following statement: <p> ALTER SESSION SET NLS_TERRITORY=France;<p> The following examples show behavior before and after setting NLS_TERRITORY: <p> <pre><font face="tahoma" size="2"> SQL> DESCRIBE SalaryTable; Name Null? TYPE --------- ------- ------ SALARY NUMBER SQL> column SALARY format L999,999.99; SQL> SELECT * from SalaryTable; SALARY --------------------- $100,000.00 $150,000.00 ALTER SESSION SET NLS_TERRITORY = Germany; Session altered. SQL> SELECT * from SalaryTable; SALARY --------------------- DM100,000.00 DM150,000.00 ALTER SESSION SET NLS_LANGUAGE = German; Sitzung wurde geändert. SQL> SELECT * from SalaryTable; SALARY --------------------- DM100,000.00 DM150,000.00 ALTER SESSION SET NLS_TERRITORY = France; Sitzung wurde geändert. SQL> SELECT * from SalaryTable; SALARY --------------------- F100,000.00 F150,000.00 </font></pre> Note that the symbol for currency units changed, but no monetary conversion calculations were performed. The numeric characters did not change because they were hardcoded by the SQL*Plus statement. <p> <H5>ALTER SESSION</H5> The default values for language and territory can be overridden during a session by using the ALTER SESSION statement. For example: <p> % setenv NLS_LANG Italian_Italy.WE8DEC<p> <pre><font face="tahoma" size="2"> SQL> SELECT ename, hiredate, ROUND(sal/12,2) sal FROM emp; ENAME HIREDATE SAL ----- -------- --- Clark 09-Dic-88 4195,83 Miller 23-Mar-87 4366,67 Strauß 01-Apr-95 3795,87 ALTER SESSION SET NLS_LANGUAGE = German NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'DD.MON.YY' NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS = '.,'; SQL> SELECT ename, hiredate, ROUND(sal/12,2) sal FROM emp; ENAME HIREDATE SAL ----- -------- --- Clark 09.DEZ.88 4195.83 Miller 23.MÄR.87 4366.67 Strauß 01.APR.95 3795.87 </font></pre> This feature implicitly determines the language environment of the database for each session. An ALTER SESSION statement is automatically executed when a session connects to a database to set the values of the database parameters NLS_LANGUAGE and NLS_TERRITORY to those specified by the language and territory arguments of NLS_LANG. If NLS_LANG is not defined, no implicit ALTER SESSION statement is executed. <p> When NLS_LANG is defined, the implicit ALTER SESSION is executed for all instances to which the session connects, for both direct and indirect connections. If the values of NLS parameters are changed explicitly with ALTER SESSION during a session, the changes are propagated to all instances to which that user session is connected. <p> <H5>Messages and Text</H5> All messages and text should be in the same language. For example, when running an <B>Oracle</B> Developer application, messages and boilerplate text seen by the user originate from three sources: <p> <UL> <LI>Messages from the server <LI>Messages and boilerplate text generated by <B>Oracle</B> Forms <LI>Messages and boilerplate text defined as part of the application </UL> The application is responsible for meeting the last requirement. 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onclick="window.open('http://www.google.com/bookmarks/mark?op=add&amp;hl=de&amp;bkmk='+encodeURIComponent(location.href)+'&amp;annotation=&amp;labels=&amp;title='+encodeURIComponent(document.title));return false;" title="Add to: Google" onmouseover="schnapp('Google','','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/google_trans_ani.gif',1)" onmouseout="schnipp()" > <img style="padding-bottom:1px;" src="http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/google_trans.gif" alt="Add to: Google" name="Google" border="0" id="Google"> </a> <a rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.blinklist.com/" onclick="window.open('http://www.blinklist.com/index.php?Action=Blink/addblink.php&amp;Description=&amp;Tag=&amp;Url='+encodeURIComponent(location.href)+'&amp;Title='+encodeURIComponent(document.title));return false;" title="Add to: Blinklist" onmouseover="schnapp('Blinklist','','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/blinklist_trans_ani.gif',1)" onmouseout="schnipp()" > <img style="padding-bottom:1px;" src="http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/blinklist_trans.gif" alt="Add to: Blinklist" name="Blinklist" border="0" id="Blinklist"> </a> <a rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.technorati.com/" onclick="window.open('http://technorati.com/faves?add='+encodeURIComponent(location.href)+'&amp;tag=');return false;" title="Add to: Technorati" onmouseover="schnapp('Technorati','','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/technorati_trans_ani.gif',1)" onmouseout="schnipp()" > <img style="padding-bottom:1px;" src="http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/technorati_trans.gif" alt="Add to: Technorati" name="Technorati" border="0" id="Technorati"> </a> <a rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.newsvine.com/" onclick="window.open('http://www.newsvine.com/_wine/save?popoff=1&amp;u='+encodeURIComponent(location.href)+'&amp;tags=&amp;blurb='+encodeURIComponent(document.title));return false;" title="Add to: Newsvine" onmouseover="schnapp('Newsvine','','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/newsvine_trans_ani.gif',1)" onmouseout="schnipp()" > <img style="padding-bottom:1px;" src="http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/newsvine_trans.gif" alt="Add to: Newsvine" name="Newsvine" border="0" id="Newsvine"> </a> <a rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_bookmarking" target="" title="Information" onmouseover="schnapp('Information','','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/what_trans_ani.gif',1)" onmouseout="schnipp()" > <img style="padding-bottom:1px;" src="http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/what_trans.gif" alt="Information" name="Information" border="0" id="Information"> </a> </div> <!-- Social 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