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For example, to set the local currency symbol to "Dfl " (including a space), the parameter should be set as follows: <p> NLS_CURRENCY = "Dfl "<p> In this case, the query <p> SELECT TO_CHAR(TOTAL, 'L099G999D99') "TOTAL" FROM ORDERS WHERE CUSTNO = 586;<p> returns <p> <pre><font face="tahoma" size="2"> TOTAL ------------- Dfl 12.673,49 </font></pre> You can alter the default value of NLS_CURRENCY by changing its value in the initialization parameter file and then restarting the instance. You can alter its value during a session using an ALTER SESSION SET NLS_CURRENCY statement. <p> <H5>NLS_ISO_CURRENCY</H5> Parameter type: String <br> Parameter scope: Initialization Parameter, Environment Variable, and ALTER SESSION <br> Default value: Derived from NLS_TERRITORY <br> Range of values: Any valid territory name <br> This parameter specifies the character string returned by the number format mask C, the ISO currency symbol, overriding the value defined implicitly by NLS_TERRITORY. <p> Local currency symbols can be ambiguous. For example, a dollar sign ($) can refer to US dollars or Australian dollars. ISO Specification 4217 1987-07-15 defines unique "international" currency symbols for the currencies of specific territories or countries. <p> For example, the ISO currency symbol for the US Dollar is USD. For the Australian Dollar, it is AUD. To specify the ISO currency symbol, the corresponding territory name is used. <p> NLS_ISO_CURRENCY has the same syntax as the NLS_TERRITORY parameter, and all supported territories are valid values. For example, to specify the ISO currency symbol for France, the parameter should be set as follows: <p> NLS_ISO_CURRENCY = FRANCE<p> In this case, the query <p> SELECT TO_CHAR(TOTAL, 'C099G999D99') "TOTAL" FROM orders WHERE custno = 586;<p> returns <p> <pre><font face="tahoma" size="2"> TOTAL ------------- FRF12.673,49 </font></pre> You can alter the default value of NLS_ISO_CURRENCY by changing its value in the initialization parameter file and then restarting the instance. You can alter its value during a session using an ALTER SESSION SET NLS_ISO_CURRENCY statement. <p> <H5>NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY</H5> Parameter type: String <BR> Parameter scope: Initialization Parameter, Environment Variable, and ALTER SESSION <BR> Default value: Default dual currency symbol for a particular territory <BR> Range of values: Any valid name <P> You can use this parameter to override the default dual currency symbol defined in the territory. When starting a new session without setting NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY, you will use the default dual currency symbol defined in the territory of your current language environment. When you set NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY, you will start up a session with its value as the dual currency symbol.<P> <H5>NLS_MONETARY_CHARACTERS</H5> Parameter type: String <BR> Parameter scope: Environment Variable <BR> Default value: Derived from NLS_TERRITORY <BR> Range of values: Any valid name <P> NLS_MONETARY_CHARACTERS specifies the characters that indicate monetary units, such as the dollar sign ($) for U.S. dollars, and the cent symbol (¢) for cents. <P> The two characters specified must be single-byte and cannot be the same as each other. They also cannot be any numeric character or any of the following characters: plus (+), hyphen (-), less than sign (<), greater than sign (>). <P> <H5>NLS_CREDIT</H5> Parameter type: String <BR> Parameter scope: Environment Variable <BR> Default value: Derived from NLS_TERRITORY <BR> Range of values: Any string, maximum of 9 bytes (not including null) <p> NLS_CREDIT sets the symbol that displays a credit in financial reports. The default value of this parameter is determined by NLS_TERRITORY. <p> This parameter can be specified only in the client environment. It can be retrieved through the OCIGetNlsInfo function.<p> <H5>NLS_DEBIT</H5> Parameter type: String <BR> Parameter scope: Environment Variable <BR> Default value: Derived from NLS_TERRITORY <BR> Range of values: Any string, maximum of 9 bytes (not including null) <P> NLS_DEBIT sets the symbol that displays a debit in financial reports. The default value of this parameter is determined by NLS_TERRITORY. <p> This parameter can be specified only in the client environment. It can be retrieved through the OCIGetNlsInfo function. <p> <H4>Linguistic Sorting Parameters</H4> Oracle allows you to choose how data is sorted through the use of linguistic parameters. <p> Oracle provides many different types of sorts, but achieving a linguistically correct sort frequently harms performance. This is a trade-off the database administrator needs to make on a case-by-case basis. A typical case would be when sorting Spanish. In traditional Spanish, ch and ll are distinct characters, which means that the correct order would be: cerveza, colorado, cheremoya, lago, luna, llama. <p> <H5>NLS_SORT </H5> Parameter type: String <br> Parameter scope: Initialization Parameter, Environment Variable, and ALTER SESSION <br> Default value: Default character sort sequence for a particular language <br> Range of values: BINARY or any valid linguistic definition name <p> This parameter specifies the type of sort for character data, overriding that defined implicitly by NLS_LANGUAGE. <p> The syntax of NLS_SORT is: <p> NLS_SORT = { BINARY | name }<p> BINARY specifies a binary sort and name specifies a particular linguistic sort sequence. For example, to specify the linguistic sort sequence called German, the parameter should be set as follows: <p> NLS_SORT = German <p> The name given to a linguistic sort sequence has no direct connection to language names. Usually, however, each supported language has an appropriate linguistic sort sequence defined that uses the same name.<p> You can alter the default value of NLS_SORT by changing its value in the initialization parameter file and then restarting the instance. You can alter its value during a session using an ALTER SESSION SET NLS_SORT statement. <p> <H5>NLS_COMP</H5> Parameter type: String <BR> Parameter scope: Initialization Parameter, Environment Variable and ALTER SESSION <BR> Default value: Binary <BR> Range of values: BINARY or ANSI <p> You can use this parameter to avoid the cumbersome process of using NLS_SORT in SQL statements. Normally, comparison in the WHERE clause and in PL/SQL blocks is binary. To use linguistic comparison, the NLSSORT function must be used. Sometimes this can be tedious, especially when the linguistic sort needed has already been specified in the NLS_SORT session parameter. You can use NLS_COMP in such cases to indicate that the comparisons must be linguistic according to the NLS_SORT session parameter. This is done by altering the session: <p> ALTER SESSION SET NLS_COMP = ANSI;<p> To specify that comparison in the WHERE clause is always binary, issue the following statement: <p> ALTER SESSION SET NLS_COMP = BINARY;<p> As a final note, when NLS_COMP is set to ANSI, a linguistic index improves the performance of the linguistic comparison. <p> To enable a linguistic index, use the syntax: <p> CREATE INDEX i ON t(NLSSORT(col, 'NLS_SORT=FRENCH'));<p> <H5>NLS_LIST_SEPARATOR</H5> Parameter type: String <BR> Parameter scope: Environment Variable <BR> Default value: Derived from NLS_TERRITORY <BR> Range of values: Any valid character <BR> NLS_LIST_SEPARATOR specifies the character to use to separate values in a list of values.<P> The character specified must be single-byte and cannot be the same as either the numeric or monetary decimal character, any numeric character, or any of the following characters: plus (+), hyphen (-), less than sign (<), greater than sign (>), period (.). <P> <H4>Character Set Parameter</H4> You can specify the character set used for the client. <p> <H5>NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP</H5> Parameter type: String <BR> Parameter scope: Environment Variable, ALTER SYSTEM, ALTER SESSION <BR> Default value: FALSE <BR> Range of values: TRUE, FALSE <p> NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP determines whether data loss during an implicit or explicit character type conversion will report an error. <p> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- google_ad_client = "pub-4228419744604469"; google_ad_width = 728; google_ad_height = 90; google_ad_format = "728x90_as"; google_ad_type = "text_image"; google_ad_channel =""; google_color_border = "E7EFE7"; google_color_bg = "E7EFE7"; google_color_link = "000000"; google_color_url = "000000"; google_color_text = "000000"; //--></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> <p> <a href="calender_numeric.html">Previous Chapter </a> | <a href="linguistic_sort.html">Next Chapter </a> <BR><BR> </font> </b><font face="tahoma" size="2"> <P> <A HREF="http://oracleonline.info"> <B>More Tutorials on Oracle dba ...</B></FONT></A> <BR> <BR> Source :Oracle Documentation</a> <BR><BR> <!-- Social Bookmarking code starts here --> <!-- * Social Bookmark Script * @ Version 1.9 * @ Copyright (C) 2006-2008 by Alexander Hadj Hassine - All rights reserved * @ Website http://www.social-bookmark-script.com/ * @ * @ By using our script <b> Oracle DBA </b> must leave our copyright notices and the links * @ in the script untouched. 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onclick="window.open('http://www.google.com/bookmarks/mark?op=add&amp;hl=de&amp;bkmk='+encodeURIComponent(location.href)+'&amp;annotation=&amp;labels=&amp;title='+encodeURIComponent(document.title));return false;" title="Add to: Google" onmouseover="schnapp('Google','','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/google_trans_ani.gif',1)" onmouseout="schnipp()" > <img style="padding-bottom:1px;" src="http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/google_trans.gif" alt="Add to: Google" name="Google" border="0" id="Google"> </a> <a rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.blinklist.com/" onclick="window.open('http://www.blinklist.com/index.php?Action=Blink/addblink.php&amp;Description=&amp;Tag=&amp;Url='+encodeURIComponent(location.href)+'&amp;Title='+encodeURIComponent(document.title));return false;" title="Add to: Blinklist" onmouseover="schnapp('Blinklist','','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/blinklist_trans_ani.gif',1)" onmouseout="schnipp()" > <img style="padding-bottom:1px;" src="http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/blinklist_trans.gif" alt="Add to: Blinklist" name="Blinklist" border="0" id="Blinklist"> </a> <a rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.technorati.com/" onclick="window.open('http://technorati.com/faves?add='+encodeURIComponent(location.href)+'&amp;tag=');return false;" title="Add to: Technorati" onmouseover="schnapp('Technorati','','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/technorati_trans_ani.gif',1)" onmouseout="schnipp()" > <img style="padding-bottom:1px;" src="http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/technorati_trans.gif" alt="Add to: Technorati" name="Technorati" border="0" id="Technorati"> </a> <a rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.newsvine.com/" onclick="window.open('http://www.newsvine.com/_wine/save?popoff=1&amp;u='+encodeURIComponent(location.href)+'&amp;tags=&amp;blurb='+encodeURIComponent(document.title));return false;" title="Add to: Newsvine" onmouseover="schnapp('Newsvine','','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/newsvine_trans_ani.gif',1)" onmouseout="schnipp()" > <img style="padding-bottom:1px;" src="http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/newsvine_trans.gif" alt="Add to: Newsvine" name="Newsvine" border="0" id="Newsvine"> </a> <a rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_bookmarking" target="" title="Information" onmouseover="schnapp('Information','','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/what_trans_ani.gif',1)" onmouseout="schnipp()" > <img style="padding-bottom:1px;" src="http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/what_trans.gif" alt="Information" name="Information" border="0" id="Information"> </a> </div> <!-- Social 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