ÿþ<html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"> <title>Oracle DBA - Nulls </title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <META NAME="description" content="If a column in a row has no value, then the column is said to be null, or to contain a null. Nulls can appear in columns of any datatype that are not restricted by NOT NULL or PRIMARY KEY integrity constraints. Use a null when the actual value is not known or when a value would not be meaningful. "> <META NAME="keywords" content="Null,sql ,sql tutorial, pl/sql tutorial,oracle dba tutorial,oracle dba"> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="includes/sniffer.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" language="javascript1.2" src="includes/custom.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" language="javascript1.2" src="includes/style.js"></script></head> <body link = "black" topmargin=0 leftmargin=0><script type="text/javascript" language="javascript1.2" src="includes/menu.js"></script> <script src="http://www.google-analytics.com/urchin.js" type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> _uacct = "UA-4671442-1"; urchinTracker(); </script> <table align=left border="1" width="100%" id="table1" height="503" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td height="60" bgcolor="E7EFE7" colspan="3" align="Left" valign="top"> <IMG SRC="learn-oracle-header/learn-oracle.jpg" WIDTH="1000" HEIGHT="91" BORDER="0" ALT="learn-oracle"> </tr> <tr> <td width="160" align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="E7EFE7" > <font face="arial" size='2'><a href="oracle_dba_step_1.html">free <B>Oracle DBA</B> tutorial</a> <font size="2" align="right"> <a href="http://oracleonline.info/oracle_jobs.html">Oracle Jobs </a><BR> <a href="http://faq.sparklit.com/main.spark?faqID=1665">Ask A Question </a><BR> <a href="http://oracleonline.info/sql_statement_tuning.html">SQL Statement Tuning </a><br> <a href="http://oracleonline.info/backup_recovery_dba.html">Backup and Recovery Concepts </a><br> <a href="http://oracleonline.info/oracle_11g_new_features.html">Oracle 11g New Features </a><br> <a href="http://oracleonline.info/oracle_e_suite_others.html">Oracle E Suite & Others </a><br> <a href="http://oracleonline.info/Oracle_data_guard_index.html">Oracle Data Guard </a><br> <a href="http://oracleonline.info/faq_for_oracle_dba.html">Oracle DBA FAQ </a><br> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- google_ad_client = "pub-4228419744604469"; google_ad_width = 160; google_ad_height = 600; google_ad_format = "160x600_as"; google_ad_type = "text_image"; google_ad_channel =""; google_color_border = "E7EFE7"; google_color_bg = "E7EFE7"; google_color_link = "0000ff"; google_color_url = "000000"; google_color_text = "000000"; //--></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> <BR><BR> <B> <!--%2Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdparanormal.com%2Ff%2FParanormal_News_Feed.xml --> <!-- RSS News End --> </td> <td align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="E7EFE7" bordercolor="#99CCFF"style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px> <div id="wrapper"> <div id="body"> <div> <div> <div> <div class="inner"> <div class="indent"> <p ></B> <font face="tahoma" size="2" size="2" color="#435C7D"> <BR><BR><BR> <h1 align="center"> Nulls </h1><BR> <!-- <table> <tr> <td> --> <a href="Literals_sql.html">Previous Chapter </a> | <a href="pseudocolumns.html">Next Chapter </a> <BR><BR> </font > <!-- <IMG SRC="character-set.gif" WIDTH="599" HEIGHT="410" BORDER="0" ALT=""><BR><BR> --> <!-- </td> <td> --> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- google_ad_client = "pub-4228419744604469"; google_ad_width = 728; google_ad_height = 90; google_ad_format = "728x90_as"; google_ad_type = "text_image"; google_ad_channel =""; google_color_border = "E7EFE7"; google_color_bg = "E7EFE7"; google_color_link = "000000"; google_color_url = "000000"; google_color_text = "000000"; //--></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script><p> <!-- </td> </tr> </table> --> <font face="tahoma" size="2" > If a column in a row has no value, then the column is said to be null, or to contain a null. Nulls can appear in columns of any datatype that are not restricted by NOT NULL or PRIMARY KEY integrity constraints. Use a null when the actual value is not known or when a value would not be meaningful.<BR><BR> Do not use null to represent a value of zero, because they are not equivalent. (Oracle currently treats a character value with a length of zero as null. However, this may not continue to be true in future releases, and Oracle recommends that you do not treat empty strings the same as nulls.) Any arithmetic expression containing a null always evaluates to null. For example, null added to 10 is null. In fact, all operators (except concatenation) return null when given a null operand..<BR><BR> <H5>Nulls in SQL Functions</H5> All scalar functions (except REPLACE, NVL, and CONCAT) return null when given a null argument. You can use the NVL function to return a value when a null occurs. For example, the expression NVL(COMM,0) returns 0 if COMM is null or the value of COMM if it is not null..<BR><BR> Most aggregate functions ignore nulls. For example, consider a query that averages the five values 1000, null, null, null, and 2000. Such a query ignores the nulls and calculates the average to be (1000+2000)/2 = 1500..<BR><BR> <H5>Nulls with Comparison Conditions</H5> To test for nulls, use only the comparison conditions IS NULL and IS NOT NULL. If you use any other condition with nulls and the result depends on the value of the null, the result is UNKNOWN. Because null represents a lack of data, a null cannot be equal or unequal to any value or to another null. However, Oracle considers two nulls to be equal when evaluating a DECODE function..<BR><BR> Oracle also considers two nulls to be equal if they appear in compound keys. That is, Oracle considers identical two compound keys containing nulls if all the non-null components of the keys are equal..<BR><BR> <H5>Nulls in Conditions</H5> A condition that evaluates to UNKNOWN acts almost like FALSE. For example, a SELECT statement with a condition in the WHERE clause that evaluates to UNKNOWN returns no rows. However, a condition evaluating to UNKNOWN differs from FALSE in that further operations on an UNKNOWN condition evaluation will evaluate to UNKNOWN. Thus, NOT FALSE evaluates to TRUE, but NOT UNKNOWN evaluates to UNKNOWN. .<BR><BR> Following table shows examples of various evaluations involving nulls in conditions. If the conditions evaluating to UNKNOWN were used in a WHERE clause of a SELECT statement, then no rows would be returned for that query..<BR><BR> <table width="800" border="1" bordercolor="000000"> <tr> <td ><font face="tahoma" size="2"> <B>If A is:</B> </font></td> <td><font face="tahoma" size="2"> <B>Condition</B> </font></td> <td><font face="tahoma" size="2"> <B>Evaluates to:</B> </font></td> </tr> <tr> <td ><font face="tahoma" size="2"> 10 </font></td> <td><font face="tahoma" size="2"> a IS NULL </font></td> <td><font face="tahoma" size="2"> FALSE </font></td> </tr> <tr> <td ><font face="tahoma" size="2"> 10 </font></td> <td><font face="tahoma" size="2"> a IS NOT NULL </font></td> <td><font face="tahoma" size="2"> TRUE </font></td> </tr> <tr> <td ><font face="tahoma" size="2"> NULL </font></td> <td><font face="tahoma" size="2"> a IS NULL </font></td> <td><font face="tahoma" size="2"> TRUE </font></td> </tr> <tr> <td ><font face="tahoma" size="2"> NULL </font></td> <td><font face="tahoma" size="2"> a IS NOT NULL </font></td> <td><font face="tahoma" size="2"> FALSE </font></td> </tr> <tr> <td ><font face="tahoma" size="2"> 10 </font></td> <td><font face="tahoma" size="2"> a = NULL </font></td> <td><font face="tahoma" size="2"> UNKNOWN </font></td> </tr> <tr> <td ><font face="tahoma" size="2"> 10 </font></td> <td><font face="tahoma" size="2"> a != NULL </font></td> <td><font face="tahoma" size="2"> UNKNOWN </font></td> </tr> <tr> <td ><font face="tahoma" size="2"> NULL </font></td> <td><font face="tahoma" size="2"> a = NULL </font></td> <td><font face="tahoma" size="2"> UNKNOWN </font></td> </tr> <tr> <td ><font face="tahoma" size="2"> NULL </font></td> <td><font face="tahoma" size="2"> a != NULL </font></td> <td><font face="tahoma" size="2"> UNKNOWN </font></td> </tr> <tr> <td ><font face="tahoma" size="2"> NULL </font></td> <td><font face="tahoma" size="2"> a = 10 </font></td> <td><font face="tahoma" size="2"> UNKNOWN </font></td> </tr> <tr> <td ><font face="tahoma" size="2"> NULL </font></td> <td><font face="tahoma" size="2"> a != 10 </font></td> <td><font face="tahoma" size="2"> UNKNOWN </font></td> </tr> </table> <br><br> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- google_ad_client = "pub-4228419744604469"; google_ad_width = 728; google_ad_height = 90; google_ad_format = "728x90_as"; google_ad_type = "text_image"; google_ad_channel =""; google_color_border = "E7EFE7"; google_color_bg = "E7EFE7"; google_color_link = "000000"; google_color_url = "000000"; google_color_text = "000000"; //--></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> <p> <a href="Literals_sql.html">Previous Chapter </a> | <a href="pseudocolumns.html">Next Chapter </a> <BR><BR> <a href = "http://learnoracle.activeboard.com/index.spark?forumID=122598&p=3&topicID=27926969">Discuss Article</a><br><br> <!-- <font face="tahoma" size="2" size="2"> <B><U>More Articles</U></B><BR><BR> 1. <a href="http://oracleonline.info/Advanced_queue.html">What Is Advanced Queuing?</a><br> 2. <a href="http://oracleonline.info/features_advanced_queue.html"> General Features of Advanced Queuing </a><br> 3. <a href="http://oracleonline.info/more_features_advanced_queue.html">Enqueue, Dequeue, Propagation Features of Advanced Queuing</a><br> 4. <a href="http://oracleonline.info/elements_advanced_queue.html">Elements of Advanced Queuing</a><br> 5. <a href="http://oracleonline.info/component_advanced_queue.html">Basic Components of Advanced Queuing</a><br><br> </font> --> </b><font face="tahoma" size="2" size="2"> <P> <A HREF="http://oracleonline.info"> <B>More Tutorials on Oracle dba ...</B></FONT></A> <BR> <BR> Source :Oracle Documentation</a> <BR><BR> <!-- Social Bookmarking code starts here --> <!-- * Social Bookmark Script * @ Version 1.9 * @ Copyright (C) 2006-2008 by Alexander Hadj Hassine - All rights reserved * @ Website http://www.social-bookmark-script.com/ * @ * @ By using our script <b> Oracle DBA </b> must leave our copyright notices and the links * @ in the script untouched. The links doesn't be removed, converted, hidden * @ or made invisible. If <b> Oracle DBA </b> set a backlink to http://www.social bookmark script.com/ * @ (at least 1 time "search machines friendly" from the starting side of your web page) * @ <b> Oracle DBA </b> can be adapt the script to <b> Oracle DBA </b> for your purpose changes. --> <a target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none; font-size:11px; font-family:Arial; color: #2A4956;" href="http://www.social-bookmark-script.com/">Liked it ? Want to share it ? Social Bookmarking</a><br> <div style="border-top-style:solid; padding-top:3px; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-color: #2A4956; float: left;"> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/JavaScript"> <!-- function Social_Load() { var d=document; if(d.images){ if(!d.Social) d.Social=new Array(); var i,j=d.Social.length,a=Social_Load.arguments; for(i=0; i<a.length; i++) if (a[i].indexOf("#")!=0){ d.Social[j]=new Image; d.Social[j++].src=a[i];}} } Social_Load('http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/wong_trans_ani.gif','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/boni_trans_ani.gif','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/newsider_trans_ani.gif','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/digg_trans_ani.gif','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/del_trans_ani.gif','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/reddit_trans_ani.gif','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/jumptags_trans_ani.gif','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/stumbleupon_trans_ani.gif','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/slashdot_trans_ani.gif','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/netscape_trans_ani.gif','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/furl_trans_ani.gif','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/yahoo_trans_ani.gif','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/spurl_trans_ani.gif','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/google_trans_ani.gif','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/blinklist_trans_ani.gif','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/technorati_trans_ani.gif','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/newsvine_trans_ani.gif','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/what_trans_ani.gif','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/load.gif') function schnipp() { var i,x,a=document.MM_sr; for(i=0;a&&i<a.length&&(x=a[i])&&x.oSrc;i++) x.src=x.oSrc; } function schnupp(n, d) { var p,i,x; if(!d) d=document; if((p=n.indexOf("?"))>0&&parent.frames.length) { d=parent.frames[n.substring(p+1)].document; n=n.substring(0,p);} if(!(x=d[n])&&d.all) x=d.all[n]; for (i=0;!x&&i<d.forms.length;i++) x=d.forms[i][n]; for(i=0;!x&&d.layers&&i<d.layers.length;i++) x=schnupp(n,d.layers[i].document); if(!x && d.getElementById) x=d.getElementById(n); return x; } function schnapp() { var i,j=0,x,a=schnapp.arguments; document.MM_sr=new Array; for(i=0;i<(a.length-2);i+=3) if ((x=schnupp(a[i]))!=null){document.MM_sr[j++]=x; if(!x.oSrc) x.oSrc=x.src; x.src=a[i+2];} } //--> </script> <a rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.mister-wong.de/" onclick="window.open('http://www.mister-wong.de/index.php?action=addurl&amp;bm_url='+encodeURIComponent(location.href)+'&amp;bm_notice=&amp;bm_description='+encodeURIComponent(document.title)+'&amp;bm_tags=');return false;" title="Add to: Mr. Wong" onmouseover="schnapp('wong','','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/wong_trans_ani.gif',1)" onmouseout="schnipp()" > <img style="padding-bottom:1px;" src="http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/wong_trans.gif" alt="Add to: Mr. Wong" name="wong" border="0" id="wong"> </a> <a rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.bonitrust.de/" onclick="window.open('http://www.bonitrust.de/account/bookmark/?bookmark_url='+ unescape(location.href));return false;" title="Add to: BoniTrust" onmouseover="schnapp('Boni','','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/boni_trans_ani.gif',1)" onmouseout="schnipp()" > <img style="padding-bottom:1px;" src="http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/boni_trans.gif" alt="Add to: BoniTrust" name="Boni" border="0" id="Boni"> </a> <a rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.newsider.de/" onclick="window.open('http://www.newsider.de/submit.php?url='+(document.location.href));return false;" title="Add to: Newsider" onmouseover="schnapp('Newsider','','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/newsider_trans_ani.gif',1)" onmouseout="schnipp()" > <img style="padding-bottom:1px;" src="http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/newsider_trans.gif" alt="Add to: Newsider" name="Newsider" border="0" id="Newsider"> </a> <a rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://digg.com/" onclick="window.open('http://digg.com/submit?phase=2&amp;url='+encodeURIComponent(location.href)+'&amp;bodytext=&amp;tags=&amp;title='+encodeURIComponent(document.title));return false;" title="Add to: Digg" onmouseover="schnapp('Digg','','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/digg_trans_ani.gif',1)" onmouseout="schnipp()" > <img style="padding-bottom:1px;" src="http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/digg_trans.gif" alt="Add to: Digg" name="Digg" border="0" id="Digg"> </a> <a rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://del.icio.us/" onclick="window.open('http://del.icio.us/post?v=2&amp;url='+encodeURIComponent(location.href)+'&amp;notes=&amp;tags=&amp;title='+encodeURIComponent(document.title));return false;" title="Add to: Del.icio.us" onmouseover="schnapp('Delicious','','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/del_trans_ani.gif',1)" onmouseout="schnipp()" > <img style="padding-bottom:1px;" src="http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/del_trans.gif" alt="Add to: Del.icio.us" name="Delicious" border="0" id="Delicious"> </a> <a rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://reddit.com/" onclick="window.open('http://reddit.com/submit?url='+encodeURIComponent(location.href)+'&amp;title='+encodeURIComponent(document.title));return false;" title="Add to: Reddit" onmouseover="schnapp('Reddit','','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/reddit_trans_ani.gif',1)" onmouseout="schnipp()" > <img style="padding-bottom:1px;" src="http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/reddit_trans.gif" alt="Add to: Reddit" name="Reddit" border="0" id="Reddit"> </a> <a rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.jumptags.com/" onclick="window.open('http://www.jumptags.com/add/?url='+encodeURIComponent(location.href)+'&amp;title='+encodeURIComponent(document.title));return false;" title="Add to: Jumptags" onmouseover="schnapp('Jumptags','','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/jumptags_trans_ani.gif',1)" onmouseout="schnipp()" > <img style="padding-bottom:1px;" src="http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/jumptags_trans.gif" alt="Add to: Jumptags" name="Jumptags" border="0" id="Jumptags"> </a> <a rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.stumbleupon.com/" onclick="window.open('http://www.stumbleupon.com/submit?url='+encodeURIComponent(location.href)+'&amp;title='+encodeURIComponent(document.title));return false;" title="Add to: StumbleUpon" onmouseover="schnapp('StumbleUpon','','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/stumbleupon_trans_ani.gif',1)" onmouseout="schnipp()" > <img style="padding-bottom:1px;" src="http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/stumbleupon_trans.gif" alt="Add to: StumbleUpon" name="StumbleUpon" border="0" id="StumbleUpon"> </a> <a rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://slashdot.org/" onclick="window.open('http://slashdot.org/bookmark.pl?url='+encodeURIComponent(location.href)+'&amp;title='+encodeURIComponent(document.title));return false;" title="Add to: Slashdot" onmouseover="schnapp('Slashdot','','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/slashdot_trans_ani.gif',1)" onmouseout="schnipp()" > <img style="padding-bottom:1px;" src="http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/slashdot_trans.gif" alt="Add to: Slashdot" name="Slashdot" border="0" id="Slashdot"> </a> <a rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.netscape.com/" onclick="window.open('http://www.netscape.com/submit/?U='+encodeURIComponent(location.href)+'&amp;T='+encodeURIComponent(document.title));return false;" title="Add to: Netscape" onmouseover="schnapp('Netscape','','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/netscape_trans_ani.gif',1)" onmouseout="schnipp()" > <img style="padding-bottom:1px;" src="http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/netscape_trans.gif" alt="Add to: Netscape" name="Netscape" border="0" id="Netscape"> </a> <a rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.furl.net/" onclick="window.open('http://www.furl.net/storeIt.jsp?u='+encodeURIComponent(location.href)+'&amp;keywords=&amp;t='+encodeURIComponent(document.title));return false;" title="Add to: Furl" onmouseover="schnapp('Furl','','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/furl_trans_ani.gif',1)" onmouseout="schnipp()" > <img style="padding-bottom:1px;" src="http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/furl_trans.gif" alt="Add to: Furl" name="Furl" border="0" id="Furl"> </a> <a rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.yahoo.com/" onclick="window.open('http://myweb2.search.yahoo.com/myresults/bookmarklet?t='+encodeURIComponent(document.title)+'&amp;d=&amp;tag=&amp;u='+encodeURIComponent(location.href));return false;" title="Add to: Yahoo" onmouseover="schnapp('Yahoo','','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/yahoo_trans_ani.gif',1)" onmouseout="schnipp()" > <img style="padding-bottom:1px;" src="http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/yahoo_trans.gif" alt="Add to: Yahoo" name="Yahoo" border="0" id="Yahoo"> </a> <a rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.spurl.net/" onclick="window.open('http://www.spurl.net/spurl.php?v=3&amp;tags=&amp;title='+encodeURIComponent(document.title)+'&amp;url='+encodeURIComponent(document.location.href));return false;" title="Add to: Spurl" onmouseover="schnapp('Spurl','','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/spurl_trans_ani.gif',1)" onmouseout="schnipp()" > <img style="padding-bottom:1px;" src="http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/spurl_trans.gif" alt="Add to: Spurl" name="Spurl" border="0" id="Spurl"> </a> <a rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.google.com/" onclick="window.open('http://www.google.com/bookmarks/mark?op=add&amp;hl=de&amp;bkmk='+encodeURIComponent(location.href)+'&amp;annotation=&amp;labels=&amp;title='+encodeURIComponent(document.title));return false;" title="Add to: Google" onmouseover="schnapp('Google','','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/google_trans_ani.gif',1)" onmouseout="schnipp()" > <img style="padding-bottom:1px;" src="http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/google_trans.gif" alt="Add to: Google" name="Google" border="0" id="Google"> </a> <a rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.blinklist.com/" onclick="window.open('http://www.blinklist.com/index.php?Action=Blink/addblink.php&amp;Description=&amp;Tag=&amp;Url='+encodeURIComponent(location.href)+'&amp;Title='+encodeURIComponent(document.title));return false;" title="Add to: Blinklist" onmouseover="schnapp('Blinklist','','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/blinklist_trans_ani.gif',1)" onmouseout="schnipp()" > <img style="padding-bottom:1px;" src="http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/blinklist_trans.gif" alt="Add to: Blinklist" name="Blinklist" border="0" id="Blinklist"> </a> <a rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.technorati.com/" onclick="window.open('http://technorati.com/faves?add='+encodeURIComponent(location.href)+'&amp;tag=');return false;" title="Add to: Technorati" onmouseover="schnapp('Technorati','','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/technorati_trans_ani.gif',1)" onmouseout="schnipp()" > <img style="padding-bottom:1px;" src="http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/technorati_trans.gif" alt="Add to: Technorati" name="Technorati" border="0" id="Technorati"> </a> <a rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.newsvine.com/" onclick="window.open('http://www.newsvine.com/_wine/save?popoff=1&amp;u='+encodeURIComponent(location.href)+'&amp;tags=&amp;blurb='+encodeURIComponent(document.title));return false;" title="Add to: Newsvine" onmouseover="schnapp('Newsvine','','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/newsvine_trans_ani.gif',1)" onmouseout="schnipp()" > <img style="padding-bottom:1px;" src="http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/newsvine_trans.gif" alt="Add to: Newsvine" name="Newsvine" border="0" id="Newsvine"> </a> <a rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_bookmarking" target="" title="Information" onmouseover="schnapp('Information','','http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/what_trans_ani.gif',1)" onmouseout="schnipp()" > <img style="padding-bottom:1px;" src="http://www.social-bookmark-script.de/img/bookmarks/what_trans.gif" alt="Information" name="Information" border="0" id="Information"> </a> </div> <!-- Social Bookmarking code ends here --> <BR><BR> <BR><BR> <p align="center"> <font face="tahoma" size="2" size="2">Want to share or request <B>Oracle Tutorial</B> articles to become a <B>Oracle DBA</B>. Direct your requests to<a href="mailto:webmaster@oracleonline.info" alt='Learn oracle sql plan'> webmaster@oracleonline.info</a></font></p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </th> </tr> </table> </body> </html>